Whilst several indices are pointing to recent rises in house prices lead by more activity in the market place, investors are still finding it difficult to firmly establish the real value of property in the UK. We were therefore very pleased to be able to interview Charles Dixon – a RICS surveyor with over 26 years of experience in the industry. Charles provides some insightful information of much relevance to UK property investors including a definition of what ‘value’ means in 2010; modern day valuation techniques; due diligence tips; his own thoughts on the property market; regulation of the property industry and much more…
1) Can you explain a bit about your background? I have worked in the property world since graduating from Reading University in 1976 initially in the South Midlands and East Anglia, but for the last 26 years in the West Country counties of Cornwall, Devon, Somerset and Dorset. I have always worked within a private professional practice with a wide range of clients as well as participating on regulatory and ethics committees with the RICS nationally. I have always enjoyed this part of my career and, more recently, have been able to witness the surveying profession evolve into a system of self-regulation during a period of huge change in the property industry.
2) Why did you decide to write the book? I was introduced to Peter McGarrick, the founder of Quicklook Books, by a mutual friend. Peter was looking for someone to write a Quicklook@property and I was attracted to the project. Having never previously tried my hand at writing and thought that a modestly sized publication of this type might be within my capabilities as a novice! I am often asked about the Property profession as a career and it always strikes me how little school leavers and graduates understand about the very wide range of different activities in the property world – and so this book will help to inform those interested in entering the profession or anyone just curious about the UK property industry.
3) What is your definition of ‘value’ in the 2010 UK property market? Here is the non technical answer (the technical answer is the definition in the RICS Red Book): The UK property market is a largely open and free market made up of thousands of individual transactions made by people and organisations with wide-ranging objectives. A free flow of information in the market is essential in informing the decisions behind those transactions. The internet has revolutionised the availability of information on transactions and has made it accessible to everyone; whereas before only people in the industry had such information. This has enabled many more people to join the property owning community. Value is what one person will pay to another for a property and, if value is not to be distorted, both parties must be well informed and acting in an arms length relationship.
4) Would it be fair to say that most surveyors are taking a conservative view on the valuation of property due to the uncertainty of the market? Surveyors base their assessment of value not only on comparable evidence of similar transactions but also on their assessment of current market sentiment, the volume of properties available and being traded and of course many external factors that bear on the individuals undertaking a property transaction – for example: the general state of the economy, interest rates , taxation policies etc. If surveyors are taking a conservative view, this should reflect a conservative approach that parties are taking in actual negotiations and transactions and reflecting the uncertainty of the market of which they form part.
5) The majority of investors reading this are residential property buyers – one difficulty that has emerged as a result of the low market activity is the ability to obtain comparable sold data. What are the best steps that can be undertaken from your point of view? Data on property transactions is available through many free websites and through the Land Registry. Statistics on trends are also available free from the Department for Communities and Local Government and indices on house price movements from Halifax Bank and Nationwide Building Society. There are also subscription websites giving additional data which further knowledge about local markets (such as ‘Hometrack’). Agents are generally willing to help with information on transactions in their area provided they are approached tactfully and they are not restricted from giving information on a transaction by confidentiality. The current situation is dramatically better for individual investors than it has ever been and over time it is likely to improve further with the further development of the internet. However when there are so few transactions as we are currently experiencing, it is difficult find comparable evidence. This is a difficulty for professional Valuers as much as the general public. It needs deals to be done to establish the market. In these conditions investors may be taking greater risks as their decisions are less well informed. Property transactions have never been risk free and it may be that, after a long period of a rising market before this recession, some people became too complacent and assumed that their property transactions could not fail.
6) Can you talk through the processes that you would undertake prior to visiting a property in terms of your own due diligence? Terms of business must be agreed with the client before visiting the property. Very often the client is pressing to have the advice/ survey/valuation as quickly as possible so that office based research sometimes happens after a visit rather than before. In any case, the Surveyor can target his research more efficiently if he has first visited the property and actually it and its location. Depending on the purpose of the report, the Surveyor will want to consider most of the following:
- planning consents;
- short, medium and long term planning issues in the area;
- recent works of repair / improvement to the property;
- available consents;
- guarantees;
- boundaries and related responsibilities;
- location and routes of utilities;
- environmental issues;
- contamination issues;
- presence of mines;
- flood risks;
- subsidence risks;
- details of construction if it is non-standard;
Much of this information and more is available through a local Authority search and website enquiries from various organisations.
7) Similarly, if you are requested to undertake a ‘desktop’ valuation what steps would you take? Surveyors should be very wary of desktop valuations which can be misleading to the recipient if the basis of the valuation is not properly understood. In general, such valuations should only be undertaken when the property has been previously inspected and preferably not too long before. Such valuations must clearly state the assumptions on which they are made. They are best avoided when a surveyor is dealing with the general public who will probably expect the same level of knowledge of the property as if it had actually been inspected and may feel let down if they subsequently find changed conditions which had not been identified through the lack of an inspection. Having said that, Valuers will often give informal market advice on a property without having seen it recently or maybe at all, however investors generally understand the difference between a formal Valuation Report and an informal opinion often expressed verbally.
8)On the back of the last two questions, do you think residential house prices in the UK are still over-valued? In my opinion, residential house prices are too high in relation to salary levels – particularly if as a society we wish to encourage a home owning culture. This is not a fault of the property market, but of external factors that bear on home buyers such as a lack of new homes available to buy thus restricting supply. In an open market such as the property market in the UK, home buyers are competing for the available homes to buy with other types of purchasers such as foreign investors, buy to let investors, holiday home buyers etc. Unless the government intervenes to disadvantage these other types of purchasers (which I would not advocate) they key to reducing prices is to increase the supply of homes on the market.
9) Should residential property investors take more of a ‘value’ based approach – as is what is more common in commercial property? If the motive for purchase is property investment then yes, a value based approach is the best advice. However, when people buy for their own occupation and use they apply many different subjective criteria and will sometimes ignore the rational behaviour of the market and pay in excess of what the property could be resold for. This is a valid part of a diverse open market that sometimes makes it unpredictable for those observing it from a distance.
10) You are a major advocate of regulation of the property industry – and your book discusses this in detail – what kinds of measures do you think should be in place? I am an advocate of the proper regulation of individuals working within the property industry particularly to protect the inexperienced general public who occasionally participate. I do not particularly advocate regulation of property itself unless there is a clear need . In many parts of the property industry there is a clear need and obvious benefit from various types of regulation, however in general I feel that there has been excessive and too complex regulation in recent years to the extent that some people ignore areas of regulation or the regulation restricts the market. Regulation should be proportionate to the benefit achieved and should be simple and straightforward so that it is accessible and understood by everyone.
11) Is there a difference, in your opinion, between regulation to install professional principles into the industry and the government just sticking their oar in? Governments are motivated to regulate where they feel that consumers are adversely affected or if the market is acting imperfectly or against policy objectives. Governments are also motivated to find ways to tax property which is a good store of private wealth and an easy target for the raising of public finance. Sometimes Governments will regulate in pursuit of social policy objectives. In general, the government in the UK has not regulated much in pursuit of encouraging professional principles, but rather has relied on the industry self-regulating itself through its professional bodies such as the RICS and NAEA. The Government has resisted the temptation to statutorily regulate Estate Agents which it could have done at any time by using powers in the Estate Agents Act of 1979. This means that the professional bodies need to be constantly looking at themselves critically to ensure that they are reflecting public opinion and public concerns by adapting their regulatory arrangements to keep up with best practice.
12) Can you please explain more about your book and how readers can access it? The Quicklook Books series is designed to wet the appetite of the reader by giving a broad view of what may be a deep and complex subject by giving a brief overview in a light and readable format. Being purchased over the internet gives the reader a range of convenient formats ranging from printing their own copy to reading on a PC or e-reader. The quicklook series are excellent value for money at £2.99 each and enables the reader to investigate a subject without spending fortune on an expensive textbook. The e-format will enable the Authors and Publisher to regularly review and refresh the content to keep it relevant and uptodate without the usual costs of conventional printing and publication. There has been doubts raised by many in the publishing world about whether fiction publishing will move easily into e-books, however technical and business publishing is already well developed on the internet and Quicklook books is a new development of this growing trend for the accessing of information.
Quicklook@property takes the reader through the history and structure of the UK property market. The working of the market is explained and the roles of some of the main occupations in the industry such as Architects, Surveyors and Town Planners. The book goes on to discuss the regulation of the property industry and explains the workings of the development industry. I have highlighted just a few of the well known people and property development projects of the last half century in order to illustrate the level of complexity and sophistication that the property industry has achieved in the UK. The reader is also invited to mentally participate in the execution of a fictional development project in “Exchester” and considers some of the likely future areas of evolution for this key sector of the UK economy. Quicklook@property is available from by clicking on the following link: purchase the Quicklook@property for only £2.99.
Can you explain a bit about your background?
I have worked in the property world since graduating from Reading University in 1976 initially in the South Midlands
and East Anglia, but for the last 26 years in the West Country counties of Cornwall, Devon, Somerset and Dorset.
Over this period I have worked for a wide range of clients and undertaken a very wide range of professional work.
I have always worked within a private professional practice . I have participated on regulatory and ethics
committees at the RICS nationally and have enjoyed this work, particularly seeing the way in which the surveying
profession has evolved a system of self-regulation during a period of huge change in the property industry.
Why did you decide to write the book?
I was introduced to Peter McGarrick, the founder of Quicklook Books, by a mutual friend. Peter was looking for
someone to write a Quicklook@property and I was attracted to the project, having never previously tried my hand at
writing and thought that a modestly sized publication of this type might be within my capabilities as a novice!
I am often asked about the Property profession as a career and it always strikes me how little school leavers and
graduates understand about the very wide range of different activities in the property world – and so this book
will help to inform those interested in entering the profession or anyone just curious about the UK property
industry.
What is your definition of ‘value’ in the 2010 UK property market?
Here is the non technical answer ( the technical answer is the definition in the RICS Red Book):
The UK property market is a largely open and free market made up of thousands of individual transactions made
by people and organisations with wide-ranging objectives. A free flow of information in the market is essential
in informing the decisions behind those transactions. The internet has revolutionised the availability of
information on transactions and has made it accessible to everyone; whereas before only people in the industry
had such information. This has enabled many more people to join the property owning community. Value is what one
person will pay to another for a property and if value is not to be distorted both parties must be well informed
and acting in an arms length relationship.
Would it be fair to say that most surveyors are taking a conservative view on the valuation of property due
to the uncertainty of the market?
Surveyors base their assessment of value not only on comparable evidence of similar transactions but also on
their assessment of current market sentiment, the volume of properties available and being traded and of course
many external factors that bear on the individuals undertaking a property transaction – for example the general
state of the economy, interest rates , taxation policies etc. If surveyors are taking a conservative view, this
should reflect a conservative approach that parties are taking in actual negotiations and transactions and
reflecting the uncertainty of the market of which they form part.
The majority of investors reading this are residential property buyers – one difficulty that has emerged
as a result of the low market activity is the ability to obtain comparable sold data. What are the best steps
that can be undertaken from your point of view?
Data on property transactions is available through many free websites and through the Land Registry website.
Statistics on trends are also available free from the Department for Communities and Local Government also the
Land Registry and indices on house price movements from Halifax Bank and Nationwide Building Society. There are
also subscription websites giving additional data which further detailed information (such as ‘Hometrack’). Agents
are generally willing to help with information on transactions in their area provided they are approached tactfully
and they are not restricted from giving information on a transaction by confidentiality. The current situation is
dramatically better for individual investors than it has ever been and over time it is likely to improve further
with the further development of the internet. However when there are so few transactions as we are currently
experiencing, it is difficult find comparable evidence. This is a difficulty for professional Valuers as much as
the general public. It needs deals to be done to establish the market. In these conditions investors may be taking
greater risks as their decisions are less well informed. Property transactions have never been risk free and it may
be that, after a long period of a rising market before this recession, some people became too complacent and assumed
that their property transactions could not fail.
Can you talk through the processes that you would undertake prior to visiting a property in terms of your own
due diligence?
Terms of business must be agreed with the client before visiting the property. Very often the client is pressing
to have the advice/ survey/valuation as quickly as possible so that office based research sometimes happens after
a visit rather than before. In any case, the Surveyor can target his research more efficiently if he has first
visited the property and actually it and its location. Depending on the purpose of the report, the Surveyor will
want to consider one or all of the following : planning consents / related policies applying; recent works of
repair / improvement to the property; available consents; guarantees etc. A plan of the boundaries and
responsibility for the boundaries. location and routes of utilities. A search for environmental or contamination
issues in the area including possibility a mining search and certainly a flood risk search. The risk of subsidence
in the location. The details of construction if it is non-standard. Much of this information and more is available
through a local Authority search and website enquiries form various organisations.
Similarly, if you are requested to undertake a ‘desktop’ valuation what steps would you take?
Surveyors should be very wary of desktop valuations which can be misleading to the recipient if the basis of the
valuation is not properly understood. In general, such valuations should only be undertaken when the property has
been previously inspected and preferably not too long before. Such valuations must clearly state the assumptions
on which they are made. They are best avoided when a surveyor is dealing with the general public who will probably
expect the same level of knowledge of the property as if it had actually been inspected and may feel let down if
they subsequently find changed conditions which had not been identified through the lack of an inspection. Having
said that, Valuers will often give informal market advice on a property without having seen it recently or maybe at
all, however investors generally understand the difference between a formal Valuation Report and an informal
opinion often expressed verbally.
On the back of the last two questions, do you think residential house prices in the UK are still over-valued?
In my opinion residential house prices are too high in relation to salary levels, particularly if as a society
we wish to encourage a home owning culture. This is not a fault of the property market, but of external factors
that bear on home buyers such as a lack of new homes available to buy thus restricting supply. In an open market
such as the property market in the UK, home buyers are competing for the available homes to buy with other types of
purchasers such as foreign investors, buy to let investors, holiday home buyers etc. Unless the government
intervenes to disadvantage these other types of purchasers (which I would not advocate) they key to reducing prices
is to increase the supply of homes on the market.
Should residential property investors take more of a ‘value’ based approach – as is what is more common
in commercial property?
If the motive for purchase is property investment then yes, a value based approach is the best advice, however
when people buy for their own occupation and use they apply many different subjective criteria and will sometimes
ignore the rational behaviour of the market and pay in excess of what the property could be resold for on the
open market. This is a valid part of a diverse open market that sometimes makes it unpredictable for those
observing it from a distance.
You are a major advocate of regulation of the property industry – and your book discusses this in detail – what kinds of measures do you think should be in place?
I am an advocate of the proper regulation of individuals working within the property industry particularly to
protect the inexperienced general public who occasionally participate in the industry. I do not particularly
advocate regulation of property itself unless there is a clear need . In many parts of the property industry there
is a clear need and obvious benefit from various types of regulation, however in general I feel that there has been
excessive and too complex regulation in recent years to the extent that some people ignore areas of regulation or
the regulation restricts the market. Regulation should be proportionate to the benefit achieved and should be
simple and straightforward so that it is accessible and understood by everyone.
Is there a difference, in your opinion, between regulation to install professional principles into the industry
and the government just sticking their oar in?
Governments are motivated to regulate where they feel that consumers are adversely affected or if the market is
acting imperfectly or against policy objectives. Governments are also motivated to find ways to tax property which
is a good store of private wealth and an easy target for the raising of public finance. Sometimes Governments will
regulate in pursuit of social policy objectives. In general, the government in the UK has not regulated much in
pursuit of encouraging professional principles, but rather has relied on the industry self-regulating itself
through its professional bodies such as the RICS and NAEA. The Government has resisted the temptation of statutorily
regulating Estate Agents which it could have done at any time by using powers in the Estate Agents Act of 1979.
This means that the professional bodies need to be constantly looking at themselves critically to ensure that they
are reflecting public opinion and public concerns by adapting their regulatory arrangements to keep up with best
practice.
Can you please explain more about your book and how readers can access it?
The Quicklook Books series is designed to weet the appetite of the reader by giving a broad view of what may be a
deep and complex subject by giving a brief overview in a light and readable format. Being purchased over the
internet gives the reader a range of convenient formats ranging from printing their own copy to reading on a PC or
e-reader. The quicklook series are excellent value for money at £2.99 each and enables the reader to investigate a
subject without spending fortune on an expensive textbook. The e-format will enable the Authors and Publisher to
regularly review and refresh the content to keep it relevant and uptodate without the usual costs of conventional
printing and publication. There has been doubts raised by many in the publishing world about whether fiction
publishing will move easily into e-books, however technical and business publishing is already well developed on
the internet and Quicklook books is a new development of this growing trend for the accessing of information.
Quicklook@property takes the reader through the history and structure of the UK property market. The working of the
market is explained and the roles of some of the main occupations in the industry such as Architects, Surveyors and
Town Planners. The book discusses the regulation of the property industry and explains the workings of the
development industry. The book highlights just a few of the well known people and property development projects
of the last half century in order to illustrate the level of complexity and sophistication that the property
industry has achieved in the UK. The reader is invited to mentally participate in the execution of a fictional
development project in “Exchester” and considers some of the likely future areas of evolution for this key sector
of the UK economy. Quicklook@property is available from http://www.quicklookbooks.com
If, for example, if the option is exercised after the 5 year PPR period granted to homeowners – would they be subject to CGT (if they have not lived in the property)?
